\n\t\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684“\u9762\u5177”\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u9e7f\u3001\u677e\u9f20\u3001\u523a\u732c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u76ae\u6bdb\u5448\u8910\u8272\uff08\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a“\u5730\u7403\u8272”\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u80fd\u4e0e\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6811\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u989c\u8272\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u9ca8\u9c7c\u3001\u6d77\u8c5a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u6d77\u6d0b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u5448\u7070\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u6c34\u4e0b\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u6d45\u8272\u73af\u5883\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u53ea\u5c0f\u9e7f\u7ad9\u5728\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u8349\u5730\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u8fdc\u5904\u770b\u5c0f\u9e7f\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6591\u70b9\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u7167\u5c04\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5149\u6591\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b\u6d77\u53c2\u6816\u606f\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\uff0c\u4f53\u8272\u662f\u7070\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u530d\u5310\u4e0d\u52a8\u65f6\u72b9\u5982\u6d77\u5e95\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u77f3\u5934\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u526f\u9762\u5177\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u4e0d\u7b97\u662f\u4f2a\u88c5\u9ad8\u624b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u7684“\u9762\u5177”\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u5317\u7f8e\u96f7\u9e1f\uff0c\u79cb\u4e3a\u6742\u8272\uff0c\u51ac\u4e3a\u7eaf\u767d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51ac\u5b63\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u96ea\u7684\u5b63\u8282\u3002\u6bd4\u76ee\u9c7c\u53ef\u8c13\u662f“\u53d8\u8272\u4e13\u5bb6”\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e03\u6ee1\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\u6591\u70b9\uff0c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c31\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u6d77\u5e95\u788e\u77f3\u3002\u66f4\u5947\u7279\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6816\u606f\u73af\u5883\u968f\u610f\u79fb\u52a8\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0a\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u989c\u8272\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u6bd4\u76ee\u9c7c\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e0d\u5e78\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u8eab\u4f53\u989c\u8272\u7684\u672c\u9886\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u6bd4\u76ee\u9c7c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u7edd\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7d22\u6027\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u8eab\u5b50\u57cb\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\u7684\u6c99\u5806\u91cc\uff0c\u8ba9\u8c01\u4e5f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u53d8\u8272\u9f99\u3001\u7ae0\u9c7c\u3001\u4e4c\u8d3c\u7b49\u4f53\u8868\u8272\u7d20\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53c8\u5feb\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u8def\u884c\u8fdb\u4e2d\u65f6\u523b\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u6811\u4e0a\u5b83\u662f\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5730\u9762\u53c8\u6210\u8910\u8272\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u5982\u53d8\u620f\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6bd4\u76ee\u9c7c\u3001\u53d8\u8272\u9f99\u662f“\u4ee5\u53d8\u5e94\u53d8”\u7684\u884c\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u867e\u864e\u9c7c\u3001\u8475\u867e\u3001\u6c34\u6bcd\u5219\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f “\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u5e94\u4e07\u53d8”\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u3002\u6d77\u6d0b\u91cc\u7684\u867e\u864e\u9c7c\uff0c\u901a\u4f53\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u89c2\u4e4b\u82e5\u65e0\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u654c\u4eba\u5728\u770b\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5982\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u5c42\u73bb\u7483\u770b\u5411\u8fdc\u5904\u89c6\u82e5\u65e0\u7779\uff0c\u89c9\u5bdf\u4e0d\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8475\u867e\u5219\u8eb2\u85cf\u5728\u73ca\u745a\u4e1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u5206\u6563\u7684\u9ed1\u3001\u767d\u3001\u91d1\u8272\u6591\u70b9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5b83\u4f53\u5185\u91cd\u8981\u5668\u5b98\u6240\u5728\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u900f\u660e\u3002\u65e0\u8272\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6c34\u6bcd\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u542b\u6709\u5267\u6bd2\uff0c\u9690\u8eab\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6355\u730e\uff0c\u5b83\u65e0\u5f62\u65e0\u72b6\uff0c\u62d6\u7740\u957f\u987b\uff0c\u6e38\u6e38\u8361\u8361\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u67d4\u5f31\u65e0\u529b\uff0c\u968f\u6c34\u6f02\u6d41\uff0c\u5b9e\u5219\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6e38\u52a8\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u5bfb\u89c5\u98df\u7269\u3002\u820d\u53bb\u989c\u8272\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u514d\u53bb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f2a\u88c5\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u8fbe\u5230\u51fa\u795e\u5165\u5316\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u5c06\u8eab\u5f62\u7684\u9690\u4e0e\u663e\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6e14\u7fc1\u8718\u86db\u5728\u6811\u6797\u4e2d\u7528\u679d\u5e72\u5f53“\u9493\u7aff”\uff0c\u5728\u7aff\u7aef\u5410\u51fa\u4e00\u6839\u957f\u957f\u7684\u86db\u4e1d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7f20\u7740\u4e00\u56e2\u4e71\u4e1d\uff0c\u505a\u6210“\u9493\u7ebf”\u548c“\u9c7c\u9975”\u3002\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u98de\u821e\u7684\u6606\u866b\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u968f\u98ce\u98d8\u8361\u7684“\u9c7c\u9975”\uff0c\u4fbf\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7231\u5403\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u98ce\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6e14\u7fc1\u8718\u86db\u5c31\u7528\u811a\u62c9\u52a8“\u9493\u7ebf”\uff0c\u8ba9“\u9c7c\u9975”\u6765\u56de\u6643\u52a8\uff0c\u5e03\u4e0b“\u8ff7\u9b42\u9635”\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6606\u866b\u4e0a\u94a9\uff0c\u4e71\u4e1d\u4e0a\u7684\u7c98\u6db2\u5c31\u4f1a\u6346\u4f4f\u5b83\u7684\u624b\u811a\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8718\u86db\u4fbf\u6cbf\u7740\u86db\u4e1d\u722c\u4e0b\u6765\u628a\u6606\u866b\u5403\u6389\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u9c7c\u6709“\u6d77\u5e95\u6e14\u7fc1”\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5634\u5df4\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7259\u9f7f\u5341\u5206\u5c16\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9c7c\u80cc\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6839\u68d8\u523a\u7ec6\u800c\u957f\uff0c\u5f2f\u66f2\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u3002\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u8eba\u5728\u6d77\u5e95\u6df1\u5904\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u8eab\u4f53\u57cb\u85cf\u5728\u6ce5\u6c99\u4e2d\uff0c\u5374\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7ad6\u8d77\u8fd9\u6839“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u3002“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u7684\u9876\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u4f1a\u53d1\u4eae\u7684\u8089\u7624\u3002\u9c7c\u513f\u89c1\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u7f8e\u5473\u4f73\u80b4\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e00\u62e5\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6025\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f85\u5730\u6251\u4e0a\u53bb\u54c1\u5c1d\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u8c01\u77e5\u9c7c\u628a\u5927\u53e3\u4e00\u5f20\uff0c\u90a3\u67d4\u8f6f\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u5f39\u6027\u7684“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u628a\u4e0a\u94a9\u7684\u9c7c\u513f\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u5634\u91cc\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u9c7c\u7684“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u63d2\u5728\u4e0a\u988c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u957f\u5728\u5634\u5507\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9b\u5982\u4e00\u6839\u767d\u8272\u7684\u80e1\u987b\u3002“\u9493\u9c7c\u7aff”\u4e0a\u7684\u8089\u7624\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u50cf\u9713\u8679\u706f\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u7ea2\uff0c\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u767d\uff0c\u521a\u53d8\u6210\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u970e\u65f6\u95f4\u53c8\u6210\u4e86\u7eff\u8272\uff0c\u4e94\u989c\u516d\u8272\u3001\u5149\u5f69\u593a\u76ee\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u672c\u6027“\u5584\u826f”\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5916\u654c\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u60dc\u501f\u4e00\u526f“\u51f6\u6b8b”\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u7528\u4ee5\u81ea\u536b\u3002\u8774\u8776\u3001\u86c7\u3001\u84dd\u73af\u7ae0\u9c7c\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4f53\u8272\u6765\u8b66\u793a\u654c\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u8272\u5f69\u8d8a\u9c9c\u8273\uff0c\u6bd2\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6562\u4e8e\u5927\u80c6\u5f20\u626c\u81ea\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u638c\u63e1\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u62e5\u6709\u7edd\u6740\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee4\u654c\u4eba\u671b\u800c\u751f\u754f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u8f7b\u6613\u5984\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6bd2\u86c7\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u6a21\u4eff\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u62db\u6447\u8fc7\u5e02\uff0c\u4ee5\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u82b1\u7eb9\u5413\u963b\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u8774\u8776\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4f1a\u957f\u51fa\u4e0e\u6709\u6bd2\u8774\u8776\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u82b1\u7eb9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9707\u6151\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5929\u654c——\u9e1f\u7c7b\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6HenrryW.Bates1862\u5e74\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u8273\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u8774\u8776\u4ece\u5916\u5f62\u4e0a\u770b\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u5374\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e0\u6bd2\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6709\u6bd2\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9003\u907f\u88ab\u6355\u98df\u7684\u5384\u8fd0\u3002\u4ed6\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3a“\u62df\u6001”\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d1d\u6c0f\u62df\u6001\u3002\u6709\u79cd\u8725\u8734\uff0c\u65e0\u817f\uff0c\u8eab\u5f62\u7ec6\u957f\uff0c\u6e38\u52a8\u65f6\u8c01\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6761\u86c7\uff0c\u53ef\u5b83\u7684\u773c\u76ae\u5374\u4f1a\u7728\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u7834\u5b83\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u3000\u3000\n<\/p>\n
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